江苏省2005年普通高校“专转本”英语统一考试试卷

说明：

本试卷分第一卷（选择题），第二卷（非选择题）两部分。两卷满分100分.考试时间120分钟。

注意事项:

1. 答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。

2. 每一题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应提名的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用像片擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。如果答案不涂写在答题卡上，成绩无效。.

第 一 卷（共 70 分）

Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension (40% 35 minutes)

Directions: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passage and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:

Ever since I was very small, I’ve had the sense that I ought to be somewhere else. I remember watching trains flash by and wishing I was on board. I remember going to the airport with my parents when I was 13 and reading the destinations board, seeing all the places that I could go to : Los Angeles, Chicago, London.

But the trains passed by and the planes took off without me, so I wandered the world through books. I went to Victorian England in the pages of Middlemarch and A little Princess, and to St. Pertersburg before the fall of the tsar with Anna Karenina.

My home was in a pleasant place outside Philadelphia. But I really lived, truly lived, somewhere else. I lived within the covers of books. In books I traveled, not only to other worlds, but into my own. I learned who I was and who I wanted to be, what I might achieve, and what I might dare to dream about my world and myself.

I travel today in the way I once dreamed of traveling as a child----on airplanes and in trains. And the irony is that I don’t care for it very much. I am the sort of person who prefers to stay at home, surrounded by family, friends, and books. The only thing I do like about traveling is the time on airplanes spent reading.

It turns out that when my younger self thought of taking wing, she wanted only to let her spirit soar. Books are the plane, and the train, and the road. They are the real destinations, and the journey too. They are home.

1.What did the writer do as a curious child?

A)     She visited Victorian England and Tsarist Russia.

B)      She flew to Los Angeles, Chicago and London with her parents.

C)     She reads all kinds of books.

D)     She spent lots of time traveling on trains.

2.How does the author feel about travel today?

A)     She doesn’t like it very much.

B)      She takes great pleasure in it.

C)     She feels tired of it.

D)     She feels as excited as when she was young.

3.What did the author learn from books as a child?

A)     About many foreign places.

B)      About many historical figures.

C)     About the outside world as well as her own self.

D)     About the ironies of life.

4.We can infer from the passage that when traveling by air, the author spends most of her time on the way_______.

A)     reading books.

B)      resting herself.

C)     imagining things.

D)     letting her spirit soar.

5.In this passage the author mainly talks about______.

A)     the wonders of travel.

B)      her growth from an innocent child to a learned woman.

C)     the benefits of reading.

D)     the difference between childhood dreams and life’s realities.

Question 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:

Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we "fit" in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is a thief or a meter reader, and so on.

The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter, and change throughout life. Most of us can, at very high speed, assume the statuses that various situations require. Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation. Although some of us find the task more difficult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly.

A status has been compared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits, the buyer can choose style and fabric. But an American is not free to choose the costume (服装) of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince. We must choose from among the clothing presented by our society. Furthermore, our choice is limited to a size that will fit, as well as by our pocketbook (钱包). Having made a choice within these limits we can have certain alterations made, but apart from minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores have on their racks. Statuses too come ready made, and the range of choice among them is limited.

6. In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that statuses can help us _______.

   A) determine whether a person is fit for a certain job

   B) behave appropriately in relation to other people

   C) protect ourselves in unfamiliar situations

   D) make friends with other people

7. According to the writer, people often assume different statuses ______.

   A) in order to identify themselves with others

   B) in order to better identify others

   C) as their mental processes change

   D) as the situation changes

8. The word "appraisal" (Line 6, Para.2) most probably means "_______".

   A) involvement               B) appreciation      C) assessment        D) presentation

9. In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun "it" refers to "______".

   A) fitting our actions to those of other people appropriately

   B) identification of other people's statuses

 C) selecting one's own statuses

   D) constant mental process

10. By saying that "an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince" (Lines 2-3, Para. 3), the writer means _______.

   A) different people have different styles of clothes

   B) ready-made clothes may need alterations

   C) statuses come ready made just like clothes

   D) our choice of statuses is limited

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:

For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies--and other creatures--learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的)"drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.

It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.

Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children's responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights--and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.

Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.

11. According to the author, babies learn to do things which _____.

A)  are directly related to pleasure C) will bring them a feeling of success

B) will meet their physical needs   D) will satisfy their curiosity

12. Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby ______.

A) would make learned responses when it saw the milk

B) would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink

C) would continue the simple movements without being given milk

D) would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink

13. In Papousek’s experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to ______.

A) have the lights turned on         C) please their parents

B) be rewarded with milk             D) be praised

14. The babies would "smile and bubble" at the lights because ______.

A) the lights were directly related to some basic "drives"

B) the sight of the lights was interesting

C) they need not turn back to watch the lights

D) they succeeded in "switching on" the lights

15. According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something is a reflection of ______.

A) a basic human desire to understand and control the world

B) the satisfaction of certain physiological needs

C) their strong desire to solve complex problems

D) a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:

Most people would agree that, although our age exceeds all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no corresponding increase in wisdom. But agreement ceases as soon as we attempt to define “wisdom” and consider means of promoting it.

There are several factors that contribute to wisdom. Of these I should put first a sense of proportion: the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach to each its due weight. This has become more difficult than it used to be owing to the extent and complexity of the special knowledge required of various kinds of technicians. Suppose, for example, that you are engaged in research in scientific medicine. The work is difficult and is likely to absorb the whole of your mind. You have no time to consider the effect which your discoveries or inventions may have outside the field of medicine. You succeed (let us say) as modern medicine has succeeded, in enormously lowering the infant death-rate, not only in Europe and America, but also in Asia and Africa. This has the entirely unintended result of making the food supply inadequate and lowering the standard of life in the parts of the world that  have the greatest populations. To take an even more dramatic example, which is in everybody’s mind at the present time; you study the makeup of the atom from a disinterested(无利害关系的) desire for knowledge, and by chance place in the hands of a powerful mad man the means of destroying the human race.

Therefore, with every increase of knowledge and skill, wisdom becomes more necessary, for every such increase augments(增强) our capacity for realising oue purposes, and therefore augments our capacity for evil, if our purposes are unwise.

16. Disagreement arises when people try to decide ______.

A)  how much more wisdom we have now than before.

B)   what wisdom is and how to develop it.

C)  if there is a great increase of wisdom in our age.

D)  whether wisdom can be developed or not.

17. According to the author, “wisdom” is the ability to _____.

A)  carefully consider the bad effects of any kind of research work

B)   give each important problem some careful consideration

C)  acquire a great deal of complex and special knowledge

D)  give suitable consideration to all the possible elements in a problem

18. Lowering the infant death-rate may _____.

A)  prove to be helpful everywhere in the world

B)   give rise to an increase in population in Europe.

C)  cause food shortages in Asia and Africa

D)  raise the living standard of the people in Africa.

19. The author uses the examples in the passage to illustrate his point that _____.

A)  it’s extremely difficult to consider all the important elements in problem

B)   success in medical research has its negative effects

C)  scientists may unknowingly cause destruction to the human race.

D)  it’s unwise to be totally absorbed in research in scientific medicine

20. What is the main idea of the passage?

A)  It is unwise to place the results of scientific research in the hands of a powerful mad man.

B)   The more knowledge one has, the wiser one becomes.

C)  Any increase of knowledge could lead to disastrous results without the guidance of wisdom.