Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.ª¥

The Industrial Revolution in Britain first began in the textile industry. England had been a major producer of wool for centuries. Ever since the enclosures, wool and then woolen cloth had been the principal exports of England. And cloth-making, though a domestic industry in the early years, had the characteristic of capitalist production which separated the employer from the employee and introduced the division of labor, such as carding, spinning, weaving and dyeing. With the expansion of market, the demand for cloth also increased. But a spinner with a distaff could only make one thread at a time. The short supply of yarn became the main obstacle to mass production of cloth. The general effort to improve thread-making techniques led to the invention of spinning Jenny in 1764, by the English spinner Hargreaves. The new instrument enabled a singly workman to spin eight or ten threads at once. A year later, Richard Arkwright, a barber, patented a device for drawing out thread by means of rollers. Then in 1779, Samual Crompton drew on these two new devices and invented a new kind of spinning machine known as the mule. It greatly accelerated the speed of production and improved the quality of thread. Then Arkwright established a great factory by applying power-driven mules and became known as Father of Factory System in England.

By the end of the 18th Century, power-driven machines spinning two hundred threads simultaneously had been introduced in production.

11. What was the most important export of England before the revolution?

A) Wool cloth. ª¤    

B) Wool and woolen cloth.ª¤    

C) Spinning machines.ª¤    

D) Power-driven machines.ª¤   

12. Capitalist production was characterized by ____.ª¤ 

A) the separation of the employer from the employeeª¤    

B) the division of labour ª¤    

C) both A and Bª¤    

D) the expansion of marketª¤   

13. Which of the following is NOT TRUE?ª¤ 

A) Hargreaves invented the spinning Jenny.ª¤    

B) Arkwright patented a device for drawing out thread by means of rollers and thus was called Father of Factory System in England.ª¤    

C) Samual Crompton invented the spinning machine mule.ª¤    

D) By the end of the 18th century, power-driven spinning machines could produce two hundred threads simultaneously.ª¤   

14.¡°simultaneously¡± in the last sentence means ____.ª¤ 

A) at the same time   

B) together ª¤    

C) at a time   

D) altogetherª¤   

15. This passage can best be titled ____.ª¤ 

A) Factory System in England   

B) the Textile Industry in Englandª¤    

C) the Beginning of the Industrial Revolution in Britainª¤    

D) Effects of the Industrial Revolution in Britainª¤   

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.ª¥

James Joyce was an Irish novelist who revolutionized the methods of depicting characters and developing a plot in modern fiction. His astonishing way of constructing a novel, his frank portrayal of human nature in his books, and his complete command of English have made him one of the outstanding influences on literature in the 20th Century. Many critics judge that he is second only to Shakespeare in his mastery of the English language. Joyce was deeply influenced by Ireland and wrote all his books about Dublin.ª¥

When he was in Dublin College, he studied languages and spent his spare time reading books. He refused to take part in the nationalist movement like his fellow students, but he became passionately interested in literature. He wrote outspoken articles of literary criticism that shocked his teachers and even taught himself Norwegian so that he could read Ibsen¡¯s works in the original.ª¥

When he graduated in 1902, he knew he would become a writer and an exile, because he felt he could not be one without the other. In order to preserve his ideal of writing truthfully, fully, and as objectively as he knew how, about the people and places he knew best, he had to escape from all temptations to become involved in popular opinion or public life. He went to France, Italy and Switzerland, where he lived in poverty and obscurity for the first 20 years, only returning to Ireland when his mother was dying. Except for a couple of brief trips, he stayed abroad all his life.

16. James Joyce was first of all a ____.ª¤ 

A) revolutionary   

B) critic ª¤    

C) novelist   

D) exileª¤   

17. James Joyce was famous for many reasons EXCEPT ____.ª¤ 

A) his way of constructing a novel ª¤    

B) his frank portrayal of human nature ª¤    

C) his complete command of English ª¤    

D) his passion in literatureª¤   

18. ¡°He is second only to Shakespeare¡± is a comment on his ____.ª¤ 

A) achievement in literature ª¤    

B) achievement in the nationalist movementª¤    

C) achievement in his study of languages ª¤    

D) mastery of the English languageª¤   

19.According to the passage, _____ had a great influence on James Joyce.

A) the nationalist movement   

B) Shakespeareª¤    

C) Ireland

D) Ibsen 

20. Why did James Joyce stay abroad almost all his life?ª¤ 

A) Because he wanted to live in poverty and obscurity.ª¤    

B) Because he wanted to write the people and places he knew best.ª¤    

C) Because he wanted to escape from all temptations to become involved in popular opinion or public life.ª¤